#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip> // for setw
#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <map>    // for class map

using namespace std;

int main() {
    // Map city names (string) to their population (int)
    const map<string, int> m {
        { "New York", 8478072 },
        { "Yonkers", 211569 },
        { "Hastings", 9289 },
        { "Dobbs Ferry", 11541 },
        { "Irvington", 6653 },
        { "Tarrytown", 11860 }
    };

    cout << "The map contains " << m.size() << " pairs:\n\n";

    // Output all pairs using a range-based for loop
    for (const auto& pair : m) {
        cout << setw(12) << left << pair.first << " = " << pair.second << "\n";
    }

    for (;;) {
        cout << "\nPlease type a city (or control-d to quit): ";
        string city;
        
        // Using getline because some city names (like New York) have spaces
        if (!getline(cin, city)) {
            break; // The user typed control-d
        }

        if (city.empty()) continue;

        // Use the map's find method to look up the city
        const auto it {m.find(city)};

        if (it == end(m)) {
            cerr << "Could not find " << city << "\n";
        } else {
            // it->first is the city name, it->second is the population
            cout << "The population of " << it->first << " is " << it->second << ".\n";
        }
    }

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}